Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Symptoms

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a chronic thyroid disease caused by an abnormal immune system, characterized by chronic inflammation of the thyroid. It is more common in women aged 30 to 50, with a certain genetic predisposition and gender bias. The disease progresses slowly, and early on, symptoms may not be noticeable. Over time, it can lead to hypothyroidism.

This disease is widely distributed globally, with a higher incidence rate in European and American countries, particularly in Scandinavian women. In Southeast Asian countries like China, Japan, and Singapore, the number of patients is increasing year by year, especially among urban women. Environmental pollution, life stress, and changes in iodine intake are considered major triggers.

Detailed Symptoms of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

1. Fatigue and Weakness
The most common symptom in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients is long-term fatigue and energy loss, which persists even after adequate rest. Energy metabolism is affected by thyroid hormones, and a reduction in their function significantly impacts physical well-being.

2. Low Mood and Depression
Many patients experience anxiety, mood swings, and even depressive tendencies. Thyroid hormones play a role in the regulation of the nervous system, and a lack of them can easily lead to emotional disorders, sometimes misdiagnosed as depression.

3. Cold Sensitivity
Sensitivity to temperature and a fear of cold are typical symptoms of hypothyroidism. Patients may feel cold even in a normal temperature environment and tend to wear more clothes than those around them, which is a reflection of a decrease in metabolic rate.

4. Menstrual Irregularities and Infertility
Female patients may experience reduced menstrual flow, irregular cycles, or even amenorrhea. Infertility is also common, as hormone imbalances lead to suppression of the endocrine axis.

5. Memory Decline and Reduced Concentration
Brain activity is influenced by thyroid hormones, and when their function declines, cognitive abilities are significantly reduced. Some patients experience forgetfulness, slow reactions, and difficulty concentrating.

6. Weight Gain
Even without changes in diet, patients may experience gradual weight gain, primarily due to a decrease in basal metabolism and water retention. Difficulty losing weight is also a clue for diagnosis.

7. Facial and Limb Swelling
Due to water and salt metabolism disturbances, some patients may have facial swelling, especially around the eyelids and limbs, with little rebound after pressure. Swelling is more noticeable upon waking.

8. Hair Loss and Dry Skin
Hair thinning and increased hair loss are common symptoms, especially during washing or brushing. Skin becomes dry, rough, and flaky due to delayed keratin metabolism.

9. Slow Heart Rate and Low Blood Pressure
The cardiovascular system is also affected. Patients often experience slow heart rate, low blood pressure, dizziness, and fatigue. In severe cases, pericardial effusion or arrhythmias may occur.

Conclusion

Hashimoto's thyroiditis often presents with non-specific symptoms affecting multiple systems and can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. Experts from Life International Medical Center remind patients that early recognition of fatigue, cold sensitivity, and menstrual abnormalities can help intervene in a timely manner and prevent the development of severe hypothyroidism or other chronic diseases. Stem cell therapy and other advanced methods also provide new directions for early management.