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Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic state caused by abnormal insulin secretion or action, classified as a systemic metabolic disorder. Its greatest danger lies not only in the elevated blood sugar itself but also in the long-term chronic complications caused by hyperglycemia, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Patients require long-term blood sugar management, lifestyle adjustments, and monitoring and intervention for complications. In recent years, the emergence of new technologies like stem cell therapy has provided more hope for diabetes treatment.
Europe and America
The prevalence of diabetes is high in Europe and America, with nearly 11% of adults in the United States suffering from diabetes, primarily type 2. Obesity, dietary imbalance, and aging have worsened the prevalence trend.
Southeast Asia
The number of diabetes patients in Southeast Asia has increased rapidly in recent years, especially in regions with fast urbanization. In countries such as China, India, and Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes among young people has significantly risen, becoming a public health challenge.
1. Gradual Accumulation of Chronic Complications
Long-term hyperglycemia can damage the microvascular system, leading to vision loss, kidney failure, and neuropathy, causing irreversible organ damage.
2. Increased Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Diabetes significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Some patients, even with normal blood sugar control, still face high risks.
3. Risk of Lower Limb Ulcers and Amputation
Peripheral neuropathy and arteriosclerosis work together, leading to diabetic foot, which in severe cases may require amputation. This is one of the complications with a very high disability rate.
4. Kidney Failure
Early diabetes symptoms are often atypical, and many patients are diagnosed only after experiencing kidney damage or other complications, missing the optimal intervention time. If blood sugar is not controlled in time, kidney damage will gradually progress to kidney failure, exacerbating the burden on other organs and creating a vicious cycle, threatening life.
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy has become a hot topic in diabetes research in recent years. Through autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation, it can promote the repair of pancreatic function, regulate the immune system, improve insulin resistance, and significantly reduce insulin usage in some patients, even restoring a certain degree of endogenous insulin function. This provides a new approach for treating refractory diabetes.
1. Dietary Structure Intervention
Properly controlling carbohydrate intake, reducing high-sugar and high-fat diets, and increasing dietary fiber and high-quality protein intake are the foundational measures for blood sugar management. Personalized nutritional guidance can enhance patient compliance.
2. Increasing Exercise Frequency
Regular aerobic exercise such as walking, swimming, and Tai Chi helps enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce blood sugar, and control weight. This is a key element in controlling type 2 diabetes.
3. Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs
Depending on the type and stage of diabetes, insulin, metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other drugs are used. Long-term adherence and regular adjustments to the treatment plan are required.
4. Blood Sugar Dynamic Monitoring
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology or regular blood glucose meters help patients understand blood sugar fluctuations, achieve precise blood sugar control, and reduce the risks of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
5. Complication Screening and Intervention
Regular eye exams, kidney function tests, nerve sensation assessments, and monitoring of blood pressure and lipids can help identify early complications and intervene promptly, delaying disease progression.
6. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Comprehensive Regulation
Some patients choose TCM for adjunctive treatment, which regulates the body's organs and blood flow through syndrome differentiation, stabilizing blood sugar and improving constitution and complications.
7. Psychological Intervention and Patient Education
Diabetes treatment is a lifelong process, and psychological burden often affects patient compliance. Health education, psychological counseling, and peer support can improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.
8. Multidisciplinary Collaborative Management
Diabetes and its complications require intervention from multiple disciplines, including endocrinology, nutrition, cardiovascular, nephrology, and ophthalmology. A personalized, comprehensive long-term management plan should be developed.
Diabetes and its complications have persistent, cumulative, and systemic characteristics, and their harm cannot be underestimated. Experts from the International Life Medical Center emphasize that scientific blood sugar management, early intervention for complications, and the introduction of advanced technologies such as stem cell therapy will be key directions for effectively controlling the disease, prolonging life, and improving quality of life.
