Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by systemic inflammation caused by immune abnormalities. If not diagnosed and treated early, inflammation continuously damages tissues and organs, increasing the risk of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other irreversible consequences, significantly shortening patients’ lifespan and quality of life.

Diagnostic Basis

1. Medical history and symptom assessment

Detailed inquiry into the patient’s history and symptoms is the first step, including rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and recurrent fever, which provide direction for subsequent examinations.

2. Physical examination

Comprehensive physical examination can reveal skin erythema, joint swelling, and lymphadenopathy, aiding preliminary assessment of the systems involved.

3. Laboratory immunological tests

Testing for antinuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, and complement levels helps assess immune activity and serves as an important diagnostic basis.

4. Blood and urine analysis

Complete blood count and urinalysis can suggest abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, or proteinuria, reflecting disease activity and possible kidney involvement.

5. Imaging examinations

When necessary, chest X-ray, echocardiography, or MRI may be performed to detect cardiopulmonary and central nervous system lesions, assisting in determining severity.

6. Renal biopsy

For suspected lupus nephritis, renal puncture biopsy can identify pathological type, guide treatment strategies, and help predict prognosis.

7. Other autoantibody tests

Including anti-Sm antibodies, anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, etc., which assist in differential diagnosis and assessment of disease activity.

8. Differential diagnosis

It is important to distinguish lupus from other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis to avoid misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.

9. Multidisciplinary evaluation

Collaboration among rheumatology, nephrology, neurology, and other departments allows for a more comprehensive evaluation and development of individualized treatment plans.

Conclusion

Systemic lupus erythematosus can affect multiple organs, and without early diagnosis, it may cause severe and irreversible damage, even life-threatening conditions. Accurate diagnosis depends not only on clinical experience but also on comprehensive analysis of laboratory and imaging findings. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that early diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial to slowing disease progression, improving survival, and enhancing quality of life.