Symptoms of Intrauterine Adhesion

Intrauterine adhesion is a gynecological condition caused by fibrous scar formation in the uterine cavity following endometrial damage. It frequently occurs in women of reproductive age after repeated induced abortions, curettage, or intrauterine infections. The condition is prevalent in Southeast Asian countries such as China, India, and the Philippines, and also affects older women in Western countries. Its main risk lies in the destruction of uterine structure and endometrial function, leading to infertility and pregnancy complications.

Clinically, intrauterine adhesion ranges in severity. Mild cases may only present as reduced menstrual flow, while severe cases can result in complete amenorrhea and secondary infertility. Particularly in countries and regions with strong fertility demands, such as China, Vietnam, and South Korea, intrauterine adhesion significantly impacts women’s quality of life and mental health, warranting high attention.

Detailed Symptoms of Intrauterine Adhesion

1. Menstrual Abnormalities

Most patients first experience menstrual changes, including markedly reduced flow, irregular cycles, or spotting, with shortened duration. Severe cases may even lead to amenorrhea, which is an important clinical indicator of intrauterine adhesion.

2. Infertility

Due to structural damage in the uterine cavity, embryos cannot implant properly. Patients often present with long-term infertility after marriage or repeated failed attempts to conceive, making it a common cause of secondary infertility.

3. Recurrent Miscarriage

Mild adhesions may still allow conception, but the impaired endometrial environment increases the risk of early miscarriage or embryo arrest. A history of multiple miscarriages should raise suspicion of intrauterine adhesion.

4. Lower Abdominal Pain or Pressure

Some patients experience cyclical lower abdominal pain or a dull pressure sensation due to retained blood in the uterus or endometrial traction, particularly more pronounced during menstruation.

5. Recurrent Intrauterine Infections

Adhesion reduces uterine drainage function, causing obstruction of secretions and leading to complications such as intrauterine fluid accumulation or chronic endometritis.

6. Abnormal Recovery After Abortion

Failure to return to normal menstruation after surgery, persistent light vaginal bleeding, or amenorrhea may indicate intrauterine adhesion caused by intraoperative injury.

7. Pregnancy-related Complications

Even when conception occurs, incomplete endometrial function may cause severe pregnancy issues such as placenta accreta, placenta previa, or preterm birth, endangering maternal and infant health.

8. Discomfort or Pain During Intercourse

Due to uterine deformation or endometrial trauma, some patients experience discomfort or pain during intercourse, affecting marital relations and quality of life.

9. Emotional Disturbances and Psychological Disorders

Long-term infertility or repeated treatment failures may lead to anxiety, depression, or self-blame, particularly in cultural settings that emphasize fertility.

Conclusion

Symptoms of intrauterine adhesion are often overlooked but have far-reaching effects, involving fertility, endocrine function, and psychological well-being. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that early recognition and precise treatment are key. In cases of menstrual abnormalities or infertility, intrauterine adhesion should be considered, and modern therapies such as stem cell treatment may help improve the uterine environment and fertility potential.