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Esophageal cancer mainly includes two types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Globally, countries such as China, Japan, Iran, and Eastern European nations have higher incidence rates. Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines also report significant numbers of cases. This disease severely impacts patients’ quality of life, making early diagnosis and intervention particularly crucial.
In Southeast Asia, the incidence is notably higher among middle-aged and elderly men. The disease is closely associated with long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, intake of hot foods, and malnutrition. Esophageal cancer progresses rapidly and is highly dangerous. Immune reconstruction cell therapy provides new treatment approaches for patients.
Stage I: Lesions limited to mucosa or submucosa
The tumor is confined to the esophageal mucosa or submucosa, with mild or no symptoms. Treatment outcomes are favorable, with a 5-year survival rate of about 70%-85%.
Stage II: Invasion of muscle layer or local lymph node involvement
Cancer cells infiltrate the esophageal muscle layer, accompanied by local lymph node metastasis. Patients begin to experience dysphagia. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 45%-60%.
Stage III: Invasion of surrounding tissues and multiple lymph node metastases
The tumor extends to surrounding esophageal tissues with multiple lymph node involvement, symptoms become pronounced, and treatment becomes more challenging. The 5-year survival rate is around 25%-40%.
Stage IV: Distant organ metastasis
The tumor metastasizes to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, and bones. Symptoms are severe, and treatment is complex, with a 5-year survival rate below 15%. Immune reconstruction cell therapy brings new hope for advanced patients.
1. Dysphagia
This is the most common early symptom of esophageal cancer. Patients feel obstruction when food passes through the esophagus, gradually progressing from solid to liquid foods.
2. Retro-sternal Pain
Patients experience dull pain or burning behind the sternum, especially aggravated during eating, suggesting tumor invasion of the esophageal wall.
3. Weight Loss
Due to swallowing difficulties and poor nutrient absorption, patients often present with significant weight loss and fatigue.
4. Hoarseness
When the tumor compresses or invades the recurrent laryngeal nerve, hoarseness occurs, affecting speech.
5. Persistent Cough
Esophago-tracheal fistula or tumor compression of the airway leads to chronic cough and recurrent choking.
6. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Tumor ulceration may cause hematemesis or melena, indicating severe disease that requires urgent management.
7. Nausea and Acid Reflux
Obstruction of the lower esophagus by the tumor leads to reflux of gastric contents, resulting in nausea and acid regurgitation.
8. Dyspnea
Tumor compression of the trachea or lung metastases may cause difficulty breathing, necessitating timely treatment.
Early symptoms of esophageal cancer are often subtle and easily overlooked, while advanced disease progresses rapidly, causing severe suffering. Experts from United Life International Medical Center emphasize that combining immune reconstruction cell therapy with comprehensive treatment methods can effectively improve patient prognosis and enhance quality of life. The public should pay attention to esophageal cancer risk factors, undergo early screening and diagnosis, and actively cooperate with treatment to achieve better recovery.
