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Esophageal cancer is the 8th most common cancer worldwide and the 6th leading cause of death. For much of the 20th century, the majority of global esophageal cancer cases were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, over the past 30 years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and gastric cardia has risen sharply, initially in Western countries but also observed in some Eastern nations.
The incidence of esophageal cancer varies significantly worldwide. In some Asian countries, especially China and India, the incidence is relatively high. Although the incidence is lower in Western countries, cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma are increasing. Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Thailand also have a relatively high risk.
In the United States, more than 22,000 cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year, with over 16,000 deaths from the disease.
The incidence of esophageal cancer worldwide shows wide variation.
The regions with the highest incidence include East Asia and parts of Southern and Eastern Africa (including Malawi and Swaziland), while the lowest incidence is in Northern and Western Africa and Central America.
The incidence rates are similar between men and women.
The highest-risk regions for esophageal cancer extend from northern Iran, across several Central Asian republics, to north-central China, often referred to as the "esophageal cancer belt," where 90% of cases are SCC.
The main risk factors in these regions remain unclear, but are generally believed to include poor nutrition, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and consumption of very hot beverages. In low-SCC-risk regions such as the United States and some other Western countries, about 90% of SCC cases are attributed to smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
1. Impact of Dysphagia
The main symptom of esophageal cancer is progressive dysphagia. Patients’ food intake is restricted, nutritional status deteriorates rapidly, leading to weight loss and decreased immunity.
2. High Risk of Metastasis
Advanced esophageal cancer is prone to lymph node and distant organ metastases, particularly in the liver and lungs, severely affecting survival outcomes.
3. Decline in Quality of Life
Symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting during disease progression severely impact daily life and mental health, requiring comprehensive treatment management.
Immune reconstruction cell therapy enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, becoming an important adjunct in esophageal cancer treatment.
① Boosts immune response and reduces the risk of recurrence.
② Combined with traditional therapies, improves overall efficacy.
③ Improves patient tolerance and reduces side effects.
In clinical practice, cancer patients undergoing surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often experience immune suppression, increased infection risk, and slow recovery. To support patients during treatment, enhance tolerance, and improve survival quality, different immune reconstruction strategies need to be scientifically planned in phases.
● Short-term plan: Rapidly enhance immunity through immune cell transfusion, strengthening the effects of anti-cancer therapies.
● Mid-term plan: Reduce side effects of traditional treatments, promote physical recovery, and ensure treatment adherence.
● Long-term plan: Comprehensive improvement of immunity through immune cell reconstruction, intestinal immune reconstruction, elemental immune reconstruction, and immune nutrition reconstruction, improving quality of life and extending survival.
1. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells and is suitable for local disease control. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and is often combined with radiotherapy to enhance treatment outcomes.
2. Surgical Treatment
Surgery is an important curative option for early-stage esophageal cancer. Removing the tumor and associated lymph nodes can significantly improve survival rates.
3. Minimally Invasive Treatments
Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection are common minimally invasive methods, suitable for patients with early localized lesions, with less trauma and faster recovery.
4. Targeted Therapy
Targeted drugs act on tumor-specific molecules, achieving precise treatment. Combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, they enhance efficacy with relatively mild side effects.
Esophageal cancer progresses rapidly and poses a serious threat to patients’ lives and quality of life, making early diagnosis and treatment essential. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize combining immune reconstruction cell therapy with multiple approaches to improve treatment outcomes and extend patient survival.
