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Vaginal cancer is a relatively rare but significant malignant tumor in women, most common in postmenopausal women over 50 years old. In some younger women, HPV infection, history of cervical cancer surgery, or chronic inflammation may also induce the disease. Treatment should be tailored according to tumor location, spread, and patient’s physical condition. Early treatment can achieve good results, but if delayed, the cancer can easily spread to surrounding organs, increasing treatment difficulty and even threatening life.
As a breakthrough in recent years in malignant tumor therapy, immune reconstruction cell therapy has been applied in gynecological cancers such as vaginal cancer. This therapy activates the patient’s own immune system, restoring its ability to recognize and kill cancer cells, reducing side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, improving tolerance and recurrence control. It is particularly suitable for middle to late-stage and recurrent patients. With high safety and targeting, it is applicable to various patient groups.
① Activates anti-tumor immune mechanisms: Immune cells such as DC (dendritic cells), CIK, and TIL can regulate the tumor microenvironment and eliminate residual lesions.
② Suitable for patients unfit for surgery: Elderly patients or those with recurrence after surgery are more suitable for cell therapy as a primary individualized approach.
③ Combined multimodal therapy for enhanced effect: Immunotherapy can be combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to reduce tumor resistance.
In actual clinical practice, tumor patients undergoing surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often face impaired immune function, increased infection risk, and slow recovery. To help patients better withstand treatment, improve tolerance, and enhance quality of life, immune reconstruction programs should be scientifically developed in phases over different treatment cycles.
● Short-term plan: Rapidly enhance immunity through immune cell reinfusion to strengthen anti-tumor treatment effect.
● Mid-term plan: Reduce side effects of conventional treatments, promote recovery, and ensure completion of standardized therapy courses.
● Long-term plan: Comprehensive improvement of immunity through immune cell reconstruction, gut immunity restoration, elemental immunity reconstruction, and immune nutritional support to enhance quality of life and extend survival.
1. Radiation Therapy
Vaginal cancer is relatively sensitive to radiotherapy, especially for patients unsuitable for surgery or with deep-seated lesions. Radiotherapy mainly includes external beam radiation and brachytherapy. The former is suitable for pelvic and distant lesions, while the latter delivers concentrated high-dose radiation precisely to vaginal tumor tissues. Treatment duration depends on disease stage, and some patients may experience mucosal discomfort, urinary frequency, or constipation during therapy.
2. Surgical Resection
Early localized vaginal cancer patients are usually eligible for surgical removal of lesions. Common procedures include partial vaginectomy or total vaginectomy, sometimes combined with removal of the uterus, adnexa, or pelvic lymph nodes. Surgery has the advantages of high clearance rate and definitive pathology but may impact postoperative quality of life and sexual function. Comprehensive evaluation of patient preference and functional preservation is essential.
3. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is mostly used for advanced, recurrent, or metastatic patients, often involving platinum-based drugs (such as cisplatin) combined with taxanes. Chemotherapy is commonly administered after radiotherapy or surgery as adjuvant therapy, and can also be combined with immunotherapy. Some patients may develop side effects such as nausea, hair loss, or leukopenia, requiring close monitoring during treatment.
4. Targeted and Hormonal Therapy
Although not yet standard therapy, certain subtypes of vaginal cancer exhibit molecular pathway alterations, providing opportunities for targeted therapy. For example, drugs targeting VEGF or EGFR are under clinical research. If the tumor expresses estrogen receptors, hormonal therapy may also provide some benefit, particularly in adenocarcinoma cases.
5. Minimally Invasive Methods
Some early-stage vaginal cancer cases, such as small tumors located on the anterior vaginal wall or posterior fornix, may be treated with laser excision or radiofrequency ablation. These methods minimize tissue damage and improve recovery speed, especially suitable for younger women, those without childbirth history, or those wishing to preserve vaginal function.
6. Rehabilitation and Supportive Care
Patients should focus on nutritional regulation, psychological support, and reproductive function recovery after treatment. For some middle and late-stage patients, integrative approaches combining traditional Chinese medicine, immunonutrition supplements, and rehabilitation strategies may help consolidate efficacy and alleviate side effects.
Treatment of vaginal cancer must be comprehensively determined based on stage, physical condition, and patient expectations. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that early recognition and timely adoption of multimodal strategies, including immune reconstruction cell therapy, will significantly improve treatment success rates and quality of life.
