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Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor originating from germ cells within the testis. Germ cell tumors (GCT) account for 95% of testicular cancers, including seminomas and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Sex cord-stromal tumors are another major type of primary testicular malignancy.
Testicular cancer primarily occurs in men aged 15 to 35 and is one of the most common solid tumors in this age group. Although its overall incidence is not high, its impact on fertility, psychological health, and quality of life cannot be underestimated. Since many patients show no significant discomfort in the early stages, early recognition and intervention are particularly critical.
Testicular cancer is relatively more common in Europe and North America, especially in regions such as Northern Europe, Germany, and Canada. Incidence is lower in Asia overall, but has shown an upward trend in recent years in countries such as China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Environmental hormone exposure and genetic factors may play a role in its development.
Globally, there are approximately 75,000 cases of testicular cancer each year, with more than 9,000 deaths. In 2020, the lowest GCT incidence regions included Africa and Asia, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 0–1.7. Intermediate incidence regions included North America and Eastern Europe, with an ASIR of 1.7–5.8. The highest incidence regions included Scandinavia, Western Europe, parts of South America, and Australia–New Zealand, with an ASIR of 5.8–13.2.
1. Impact on fertility
Testicular cancer not only causes local masses but may also impair testicular function, leading to reduced sperm quality or even infertility. Even after tumor control, some patients may still face permanent reproductive dysfunction.
2. Significant psychological stress
Physical changes and concerns about sexual function often cause anxiety, depression, and other psychological reactions in young patients. Some may delay diagnosis and treatment due to embarrassment, missing the optimal treatment window.
3. Metastasis threatening life
Certain types of testicular cancer progress rapidly, metastasizing via the lymphatic system or bloodstream to the lungs, retroperitoneum, and other areas. Without timely control, prognosis is poor.
4. Impact on social participation
Since testicular cancer often affects men during their peak working and reproductive years, it can disrupt careers, interpersonal relationships, and family structures.
Immune reconstruction cell therapy is becoming a new form of personalized treatment. By collecting the patient’s own immune cells, activating and expanding their specific anti-tumor functions, and reinfusing them, cancer cells can be precisely eliminated. This therapy enhances immune recognition, reduces recurrence rates, and is meaningful for controlling metastatic testicular cancer.
During traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, patients often face immune dysfunction, increased infection risk, and slow recovery. To better support patients through treatment, improve tolerance, and enhance quality of life, phased immune reconstruction plans should be scientifically designed for different treatment cycles.
● Short-term plan: Rapidly enhance immunity through immune cell reinfusion, boosting the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatment.
● Mid-term plan: Reduce side effects of traditional treatments, promote physical recovery, and complete standardized treatment courses.
● Long-term plan: Improve overall immunity through immune cell reconstruction, gut immune reconstruction, elemental immune reconstruction, and immune nutrition reconstruction, thereby enhancing quality of life and prolonging survival.
1. Surgical resection
Most testicular cancer treatments begin with removal of the affected testis (orchiectomy) to control the primary lesion. Postoperatively, further evaluation determines whether adjuvant therapy is needed, and some patients may choose testicular prosthesis implantation to maintain body image.
2. Chemotherapy
For patients with lymphatic or distant metastasis, cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are the standard treatment. Multi-cycle chemotherapy can effectively control disease progression in the short term and shows remarkable efficacy in germ cell tumors.
3. Minimally invasive adjuvant therapy
To control residual lesions or reduce recurrence risk post-surgery, patients may undergo radiotherapy or laparoscopic-assisted lymph node dissection. These minimally invasive interventions cause less trauma, faster recovery, and are particularly suitable for younger patients.
4. Fertility preservation strategies
Before treatment, doctors often recommend sperm cryopreservation for patients planning future fertility. For unilateral orchiectomy patients, assisted reproductive technologies may be considered to preserve reproductive potential.
Although testicular cancer has a relatively low overall incidence, its impact on young men is significant, and delayed treatment due to neglecting symptoms is common. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that scientific diagnosis and the introduction of novel cell therapies are key to improving long-term survival and quality of life.
