Symptoms of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the decline or cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40, often manifested as menstrual irregularities, infertility, and hormonal disorders. It predominantly affects women between the ages of 25 and 40, but can also occur at younger ages, showing a trend toward younger onset. Based on age, the incidence of spontaneous POI is about 1/250 in women aged 35 and about 1/100 in women aged 40.

This condition is more frequently reported in developed countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. In Southeast Asia, including China, Japan, and Singapore, incidence has also been increasing annually, with higher rates among urban women. Without timely intervention, POI has profound consequences, affecting endocrine balance, psychological state, and overall health.

Detailed Symptoms of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

1. Irregular Menstruation or Amenorrhea

The first sign of ovarian decline is menstrual cycle changes. Irregular cycles, reduced flow, or even amenorrhea are the most common early symptoms and should be taken seriously.

2. Infertility or Difficulty Conceiving

Due to reduced follicle count and impaired ovulation, natural conception becomes difficult. Many women are diagnosed with POI only after long-term unsuccessful attempts at pregnancy.

3. Mood Swings

Decreased estrogen levels affect neurotransmitter balance, leading to irritability, anxiety, depression, and emotional instability, which may also impact relationships and quality of life.

4. Hot Flashes and Menopausal-like Symptoms

Even before the natural age of menopause, patients may experience hot flashes, sweating, and palpitations, significantly affecting work and rest.

5. Reduced Libido and Vaginal Dryness

Hormonal decline results in a noticeable decrease in sexual desire, along with thinning of vaginal mucosa and reduced lubrication, leading to discomfort or pain during intercourse.

6. Sleep Disorders

Some patients suffer from difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, vivid dreams, or early waking. Chronic insomnia may further exacerbate anxiety.

7. Dry Skin and Accelerated Aging

Reduced estrogen impairs collagen production, leading to skin laxity, dryness, hair thinning, brittle nails, and other signs of premature aging.

8. Bone Density Loss and Fracture Risk

POI accelerates bone loss, lowering bone density and increasing the risk of back pain and fractures, particularly concerning in women under 40.

9. Memory Decline and Reduced Concentration

Patients may experience memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and decreased work efficiency, closely related to estrogen’s role in brain function.

Conclusion

Symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency are diverse, often subtle in the early stages, and easily mistaken for "fatigue" or "stress." Experts at United Life International Medical Center remind that once menstrual abnormalities, emotional instability, or infertility occur, medical evaluation should be sought promptly. Comprehensive therapies, including stem cell treatment, may help slow disease progression.