Premature Ovarian Failure Diagnosis

Premature ovarian failure is an endocrine disorder characterized by ovarian function decline before the age of 40. Because early symptoms are relatively mild, it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. If not detected and treated in time, it may cause reproductive dysfunction, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and emotional disorders. Diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment of menstrual history, reproductive hormone levels, and relevant imaging tests.

Diagnostic Criteria for Premature Ovarian Failure

1. Clinical Menstrual History Evaluation

Doctors first assess the patient’s menstrual patterns. Symptoms such as shortened cycles, amenorrhea, or reduced menstrual flow in women under 40 raise suspicion of ovarian dysfunction.

2. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Testing

Blood testing for FSH is an important indicator of ovarian reserve function. If FSH exceeds 40 IU/L on two occasions more than 4 weeks apart, premature ovarian failure can be diagnosed.

3. Estradiol (E2) Levels

When ovarian function declines, E2 levels usually fall below normal. A decrease in E2 accompanied by elevated FSH strongly indicates ovarian dysfunction.

4. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Testing

AMH reflects ovarian reserve capacity. Lower levels indicate fewer follicles, serving as an important early marker for premature ovarian failure.

5. Transvaginal Ultrasound

Transvaginal ultrasound evaluates ovarian volume and antral follicle count. A reduced ovarian size and fewer follicles suggest decreased ovarian activity, supporting clinical diagnosis.

6. Chromosomal and Immunological Testing

Some patients with premature ovarian failure have chromosomal abnormalities or autoimmune diseases. Karyotyping and autoantibody testing can rule out these underlying causes.

7. Genetic Mutation Screening

For younger patients, especially those under 20 with premature ovarian failure, testing for mutations such as FOXL2 and FMR1 may help identify hereditary causes.

Conclusion

The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure requires multiple indicators to comprehensively evaluate ovarian function. Experts at United Life International Medical Center remind that once menstrual irregularities or infertility symptoms occur, patients should undergo relevant examinations as early as possible. Early intervention, and when necessary, advanced treatments such as stem cell therapy, may provide effective solutions.