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Kidney cancer mainly refers to malignant tumors originating from the kidney, the vast majority being renal cell carcinoma. It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, with a higher incidence in men than in women. Western countries such as the United States, Canada, and some European nations report higher incidence rates, and the trend is increasing with lifestyle changes.
In Southeast Asia, countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore have also reported a gradual increase in kidney cancer incidence. Kidney cancer poses a great threat to human health, as advanced stages easily invade adjacent tissues and metastasize to distant sites, severely impacting patients’ quality of life and survival.
Stage I: Confined to the kidney
The tumor is confined to the kidney, small in size, with no lymph node or distant metastasis. Surgical resection has a high cure rate, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 80%–90%.
Stage II: Enlarged localized tumor
The tumor is still confined to the kidney but has increased in size and may compress surrounding tissues, with no lymph node or distant metastasis. Surgery is the main treatment, with a 5-year survival rate of about 60%–75%.
Stage III: Invasion of adjacent tissues or lymph nodes
The tumor spreads to perirenal fat tissue or ipsilateral lymph nodes. Treatment becomes more complex, requiring surgery combined with adjuvant therapy, and the 5-year survival rate drops to 40%–55%.
Stage IV: Distant metastasis
The tumor metastasizes to distant organs such as the lungs, bones, and liver. Comprehensive treatment is required, including immune reconstruction cell therapy, and the 5-year survival rate is below 20%.
1. Dull pain in the waist
Dull or aching pain in the waist is the most common early symptom of kidney cancer. It is often mistaken for lumbar muscle strain. The pain is usually located in the kidney area and gradually worsens, indicating tumor growth affecting surrounding tissues.
2. Hematuria
Hematuria is one of the typical symptoms of kidney cancer. It may appear as gross hematuria visible to the naked eye or microscopic hematuria. The urine is often dark red, recurring without obvious cause, suggesting possible urinary tract tumors.
3. Weight loss
Unexplained weight loss is a common manifestation in advanced kidney cancer, often accompanied by loss of appetite and fatigue. Weight loss reflects tumor consumption and abnormal metabolism.
4. Abdominal mass
Some patients may feel a mass in the kidney area when the tumor is large. The abdominal mass is usually firm, with limited mobility, indicating tumor enlargement.
5. Symptoms of anemia
Kidney cancer patients often experience anemia, manifested as pale complexion, fatigue, and palpitations. Causes include chronic blood loss from the tumor and impaired bone marrow function.
6. Unexplained fever
Some kidney cancer patients may have recurrent low-grade fever or irregular fever, often misdiagnosed as infection, but actually caused by tumor-related non-infectious fever.
7. Hypertension
Kidney cancer affects renal endocrine function, which may lead to worsening hypertension or the first onset of hypertension, raising suspicion of renal tumors.
8. Systemic symptoms
Fatigue, night sweats, and drenching sweats are common in advanced patients, indicating that the tumor has severely affected body function.
The early symptoms of kidney cancer are hidden and often overlooked, leading to most patients being diagnosed at middle or late stages, making treatment more difficult. Experts at United Life International Medical Center remind that paying attention to the above symptoms and actively undergoing screening and diagnosis are crucial. Modern immune reconstruction cell therapy provides new treatment directions for kidney cancer patients, with the potential to significantly improve survival quality and prognosis. Early detection and treatment are key to defeating kidney cancer.
