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Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in the endometrium, most common in postmenopausal women, typically over the age of 50. Globally, the incidence is higher in Western countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, while rates in Asia are gradually rising, especially in China, Japan, and South Korea. In Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Malaysia, the incidence is relatively lower but steadily increasing. If untreated in time, the disease can easily invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites, posing a serious threat to life and health.
In Southeast Asia, due to uneven distribution of medical resources and lack of early screening awareness, endometrial cancer is often detected at an advanced stage. Its main harms include bleeding, pain, and secondary infections, with late-stage patients experiencing a severely reduced quality of life. In recent years, emerging technologies such as immune reconstitution cell therapy have brought new hope, significantly improving survival outcomes.
Stage I: Localized disease, mild symptoms
The tumor is confined to the endometrium or superficial myometrium, with mild symptoms, often presenting as irregular vaginal bleeding. The five-year survival rate is as high as 85%-95%, with good surgical cure outcomes.
Stage II: Local extension, worsening symptoms
Cancer cells invade the cervix but do not extend beyond the uterus. Patients often experience abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic discomfort. The five-year survival rate is around 70%-80%, requiring combined surgery and adjuvant therapy.
Stage III: Regional lymph node metastasis, pronounced symptoms
The tumor invades surrounding uterine tissues and pelvic lymph nodes, with patients often experiencing lower abdominal pain and urinary difficulties. The five-year survival rate is about 50%-60%, requiring comprehensive radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune reconstitution cell therapy.
Stage IV: Distant metastasis, complex symptoms
Cancer cells metastasize to distant sites such as the bladder and rectum, causing persistent severe pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, and weight loss with fatigue. The five-year survival rate is less than 30%. Immune reconstitution cell therapy combined with targeted therapy is the main approach.
1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is irregular vaginal bleeding, particularly in postmenopausal women. Any vaginal bleeding in this group should raise suspicion of the disease. The amount of bleeding can vary and is often intermittent.
2. Lower abdominal pain and discomfort
As the tumor progresses, patients may develop dull or persistent pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the waist or groin. The pain often results from tumor invasion into the uterine wall and surrounding tissues.
3. Abnormal vaginal discharge
The tumor can cause increased vaginal discharge with abnormal color, which may be bloody or foul-smelling, suggesting infection or necrosis of tumor tissue.
4. Urinary and bowel difficulties
When the tumor invades the bladder or rectum, patients may develop urinary difficulty, frequent urination, or constipation, sometimes accompanied by painful urination or fecal incontinence.
5. Weight loss and fatigue
Advanced patients often experience significant weight loss and persistent fatigue due to tumor consumption and declining systemic condition, severely affecting quality of life.
6. Pelvic mass and swelling
Some patients may have a palpable pelvic mass accompanied by lower limb edema, indicating local tumor infiltration and obstructed lymphatic drainage.
7. Abdominal distension and loss of appetite
In advanced stages, ascites may develop, leading to abdominal distension, reduced appetite, and even nausea or vomiting.
8. Other symptoms
A small number of patients may present with fever, anemia, or other signs, all indicating disease progression or complications.
Endometrial cancer is a gynecological malignancy with a steadily increasing incidence. Early symptoms are often abnormal vaginal bleeding, which can easily be overlooked. Timely diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial for improving survival rates. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that immune reconstitution cell therapy shows great potential in improving outcomes for advanced patients. When combined with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, it can effectively extend survival and improve quality of life. Women are encouraged to strengthen health awareness, undergo regular gynecological check-ups, and achieve early detection and treatment to prevent disease progression.
