Cervical Cancer Diagnosis

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological tumor caused by malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. In its early stages, it often presents no obvious symptoms. Without timely diagnosis, it may quickly progress to an invasive stage, affecting nearby organs such as the bladder and rectum. Confirming cervical cancer requires a combination of methods, including cytological screening, HPV testing, colposcopy, and histopathological analysis.

Diagnostic Basis for Cervical Cancer

1. Cervical TCT Cytology Examination
Liquid-based Thin-layer Cytology Test (TCT) is a widely used primary screening method. By collecting exfoliated cervical cells, it helps identify abnormal epithelial changes. TCT is simple, non-invasive, and highly effective in detecting precancerous cervical lesions.

2. High-risk HPV Detection
The occurrence of cervical cancer is closely linked to persistent high-risk HPV infection. Detecting subtypes such as HPV-16 and HPV-18 helps assess an individual’s risk of developing cervical cancer. Patients with positive HPV results are advised to undergo further colposcopy.

3. Colposcopic Visual Assessment
Patients with abnormal TCT or HPV results should undergo colposcopy. Doctors observe the cervical epithelium under magnification and apply acetic acid or iodine solution to highlight suspicious areas. Biopsy samples are taken if needed for further confirmation.

4. Cervical Tissue Biopsy
The "gold standard" for confirming cervical cancer is tissue biopsy. Doctors sample the lesion area using forceps or curettage for microscopic analysis. Biopsy not only determines malignancy but also identifies cancer cell type and degree of differentiation, providing guidance for treatment planning.

5. Endocervical Curettage and Cervical Canal Scraping
If the tumor is located deep within the cervical canal or beyond visible range, endocervical curettage or canal scraping is necessary to avoid missing hidden lesions. This is especially important in postmenopausal women.

6. Imaging Studies
Once cervical cancer is confirmed, pelvic MRI, CT, or PET-CT scans are performed to determine the extent of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. These findings are critical for accurate staging and treatment decisions.

Conclusion

Early screening and timely diagnosis are key to effective cervical cancer treatment. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that routine HPV and TCT screenings can significantly reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Abnormal findings should be followed immediately by further diagnostic procedures to avoid delayed treatment.