Aplastic Anemia Diagnosis

Aplastic anemia is a disease caused by damage to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow due to multiple causes, manifested as pancytopenia and bone marrow failure. If not diagnosed and treated promptly at an early stage, the condition may rapidly deteriorate, leading to severe infections, bleeding, or even life-threatening complications, thereby affecting prognosis and quality of life.

Diagnostic Basis of Aplastic Anemia

1. Clinical manifestations

Patients often present with anemia, bleeding, and recurrent infections. Combined with physical examination findings such as pallor, bruising, and lymphadenopathy, these help in preliminary judgment of the condition.

2. Complete blood count

Blood analysis shows significant reductions in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, indicating pancytopenia, which provides important diagnostic evidence.

3. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Reduced bone marrow cellularity and impaired hematopoietic function are the gold standard for diagnosis. Aspiration also helps exclude other hematological diseases.

4. Immunological testing

Testing autoimmune markers and antibody levels helps determine immune-mediated bone marrow injury, aiding in identifying the etiology.

5. Cytogenetic analysis

Chromosomal analysis helps exclude myelodysplastic syndrome and provides evidence for treatment planning.

6. Hematopoietic stem cell function test

Assessment of stem cell number and function helps evaluate bone marrow hematopoietic capacity and provides support for prognosis evaluation.

7. Pathogen examination

Identifying or ruling out infectious factors and addressing infections promptly is key to improving patient survival.

8. Biochemical tests

Monitoring liver and kidney function, electrolyte balance, and iron metabolism assists in assessing disease severity and complications.

Conclusion

Aplastic anemia is a severe hematological disease. Without timely and accurate diagnosis, patients face high risks of severe infections and bleeding, which can even be life-threatening. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and prognosis. Using modern diagnostic methods to scientifically assess the condition is the foundation for developing effective treatment plans.