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Open-angle glaucoma is an optic neuropathy, typically presenting with progressive peripheral visual field defects, followed by central visual field loss. It usually (though not always) involves elevated intraocular pressure. High intraocular pressure may result from increased aqueous humor production and/or decreased outflow.
Angle-closure glaucoma is characterized by a narrowed or closed anterior chamber angle. A normal anterior chamber angle provides a drainage pathway for aqueous humor (the fluid filling the eye). When this drainage pathway narrows or closes, insufficient outflow of aqueous humor leads to elevated intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage.
Both open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma can be classified as primary or secondary. Secondary glaucoma has many subtypes with elevated intraocular pressure, caused by uveitis, trauma, corticosteroid treatment, neovascular retinal diseases, or ocular syndromes.
Europe and North America
The prevalence of glaucoma in European and North American countries is relatively stable, but the growing proportion of elderly populations is increasing the number of cases. The United States and many European regions have listed glaucoma as a priority in major blindness prevention programs, actively promoting early screening and treatment.
Southeast Asia
In Southeast Asian countries such as China, India, and Thailand, the number of glaucoma patients is increasing annually, mainly due to large population bases and uneven distribution of medical resources. Intervention measures are gradually being strengthened, but the rate of early diagnosis still needs improvement.
1. Permanent Optic Nerve Damage
Glaucoma leads to progressive optic nerve fiber atrophy, causing irreversible damage that severely impairs visual function and may result in irreversible blindness.
2. Progressive Expansion of Visual Field Defects
Patients often have no obvious discomfort in the early stages, with gradual narrowing of the visual field until significant vision loss appears in the late stage, greatly impacting daily life.
3. Severe Impact on Quality of Life
After vision declines due to glaucoma, patients experience reduced daily living and working ability, increased psychological stress, and may develop depression and anxiety.
4. Increased Economic Burden
Long-term treatment and care are costly, placing a financial burden on patients and families, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources.
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cell therapy promotes the repair and regeneration of optic nerve cells, slowing the progression of optic nerve damage.
① Promotes regeneration of nerve cells
② Improves the ocular microenvironment
③ Reduces inflammatory response
④ Restores optic nerve function
⑤ Enhances visual stability
1. Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Medications
The use of eye drops or oral medications to reduce intraocular pressure is the basic treatment for glaucoma and requires long-term use to prevent disease progression.
2. Laser Therapy
Laser surgeries, such as laser trabeculoplasty, help improve aqueous humor drainage and reduce intraocular pressure, suitable for patients who do not respond well to medication.
3. Surgical Treatment
For cases where intraocular pressure cannot be controlled, filtering surgery or implantation of drainage devices is used to improve aqueous humor outflow and reduce pressure on the optic nerve.
4. Lifestyle Adjustments
Maintaining a healthy routine, avoiding eye strain, following a balanced diet, and having regular check-ups help control the disease and prevent worsening.
Glaucoma is a disease that seriously threatens vision and requires early diagnosis and standardized treatment. Experts at the United Life International Medical Center remind us that stem cell therapy brings new hope for glaucoma patients. Combining multiple treatments can effectively slow disease progression, protect visual health, and improve quality of life.
