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Adrenal cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the adrenal cortex. ACC can occur at any age, but there are two incidence peaks: before age 5 and in the third to fourth decade of life. In general, tumors in adults are more aggressive and progress faster than in children. Females are more frequently affected than males.
This disease often presents aggressively and may be functional, causing Cushing’s syndrome and/or virilization, or non-functional, presenting as an abdominal mass or incidental finding. The etiology is not fully understood, but genetic factors, environmental exposure, and hormonal imbalance are considered related. Its development is insidious, with early symptoms often not obvious, leading to diagnosis at middle or late stages, making treatment difficult and affecting survival and quality of life.
The incidence of adrenal cancer is relatively low, with an annual global incidence of about 1–2 cases per 1,000,000 people. However, regional differences exist. In southern Brazil, the incidence among children is about 10 times higher, where multiple environmental and genetic risk factors have been identified.
Incidence is slightly higher in European and American countries and relatively lower in East Asia. With improvements in diagnostic techniques, the trend has increased in recent years, particularly in middle-aged populations, where vigilance is required.
1. Strong aggressiveness
Adrenal cancer cells grow rapidly and easily metastasize to adjacent tissues and distant organs, with the lungs, liver, and bones being common metastatic sites, leading to rapid disease progression.
2. Hormonal abnormalities
Some adrenal cancer patients present with excessive hormone secretion, causing Cushing’s syndrome, virilization in females, and other endocrine disorders, which seriously affect physical function and mental health.
3. High treatment difficulty
Due to inconspicuous early symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed, and the tumor responds poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, making treatment options limited, with poor prognosis and low survival rates.
4. Decline in quality of life
In advanced stages, patients often suffer from severe pain, weight loss, and weakness, significantly reducing quality of life and requiring multidisciplinary comprehensive management.
Immune reconstruction cell therapy activates and restores the anti-tumor capacity of the patient’s immune system, helping suppress tumor growth and metastasis. This therapy can serve as adjuvant treatment after surgery to reduce recurrence risk and is also suitable for advanced patients who cannot undergo surgery.
In actual treatment, tumor patients undergoing surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy often face immune dysfunction, increased infection risk, and slow recovery. To better support patients through treatment, improve tolerance, and enhance survival quality, it is necessary to scientifically design phased immune reconstruction plans across different treatment cycles.
● Short-term plan: Rapidly enhance immunity through immune cell reinfusion to boost the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatment.
● Mid-term plan: Reduce side effects of traditional treatments, promote physical recovery, and complete standardized treatment courses.
● Long-term plan: Improve overall immunity through immune cell reconstruction, gut immune reconstruction, elemental immune reconstruction, and immune nutrition reconstruction, thereby enhancing quality of life and prolonging survival.
1. Surgical Treatment
Radical surgical resection remains the preferred treatment for adrenal cancer, suitable for localized tumors. Complete removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues can significantly improve survival expectations.
2. Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is used to control micro-residual lesions and delay disease progression. Radiotherapy is mainly used for local control or symptom relief, with auxiliary benefits for advanced cases.
3. Targeted Therapy and Hormone Therapy
Some patients may benefit from targeted drugs that act on specific molecular markers. Hormone-regulating therapy is used to control abnormal hormone secretion and relieve symptoms.
4. Minimally Invasive Treatment Methods
Minimally invasive surgery and percutaneous ablation can reduce trauma and shorten recovery time in suitable patients, serving as a supplement to traditional surgery and drug treatment.
5. Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization
This is used for advanced unresectable adrenal cortical carcinoma with liver metastases. By puncturing the femoral artery and superselecting the hepatic metastatic tumor feeding artery, chemotherapeutic agents mixed with embolic materials are injected, blocking blood flow and releasing high-concentration drugs locally to suppress tumor growth.
6. Radiofrequency Ablation / Microwave Ablation
For unresectable solitary metastases or local recurrence lesions, percutaneous insertion of an ablation needle into the tumor center can destroy cancer cells through high temperature. This method can relieve pain, control lesion progression, and is often used as palliative treatment or as a supplement to systemic therapy in advanced stages.
Due to its high malignancy and complex manifestations, adrenal cancer poses a serious threat to patient health. Experts at United Life International Medical Center emphasize that early diagnosis and multimodal treatment, including the application of immune reconstruction cell therapy, are key to improving survival rates and quality of life. Standardized treatment strategies must not be neglected, and both society and the medical community should increase attention to this disease.
